Charts
The MPEC collection is not complete for every observation and discovery, but it supports reproducible exploratory statistics. The last year in the charts is not extrapolated.
MPEC distributions and relationships
The complete MPEC directory supplies these distributions. Scatter points link to the corresponding online MPEC.
Objects per MPEC
Complete distribution of distinct object counts in the MPEC directory.
Stations per MPEC
Complete distribution of distinct observing-station counts.
Objects and stations per MPEC
Each point is one MPEC; both axes use labelled log1p spacing so zero values remain visible.
Publication delay and stations
Qualifying one-object discovery MPECs only; points link to the original MPEC.
Discovery observation to MPEC publication
This scatter chart includes only MPECs containing exactly one distinct
object and at least one discovery observation marked with *.
Each point compares the official MPEC publication timestamp in UTC with
the earliest starred observation timestamp in that same MPEC. The
horizontal axis is the publication date; the vertical axis is the
elapsed time in hours. It therefore shows how long the interval was from
the first reported discovery observation to publication of the MPEC.
Unlike the separate WAMO delay tab, this interval also
includes the time between observation and submission to the MPC.
The current chart contains 45,129 of 45,129 qualifying MPECs. The median delay is 54.72 hours; 65.25% are published within 72 hours, 88.48% within seven days, and 95.15% within 30 days. The 99th percentile is 41,603.14 hours and the largest delay is 453,808.10 hours, so the distribution has a pronounced long tail. The correlation of publication date with delay is 0.065 (0.021 after log transformation), which does not support a simple overall linear time trend. Selected period medians are 1993-1999: 101.79 hours, 2005-2009: 34.31 hours, 2015-2019: 71.21 hours, 2025-2026: 45.59 hours. The orange line is a centered rolling median for each point using the 1,000 preceding and 1,000 following MPECs; it is intentionally absent for the first and last 1,000 points.
Distribution by publication delay
Choose a natural fixed interval. Each view uses equal-duration bins and no more than 72 bars: hours for the first three days, six-hour intervals for one week, days for one month, weeks for one year, and years for the complete range.
Cumulative publication share
The empirical cumulative curve answers what share of qualifying MPECs had been published within each elapsed time. Reference lines mark 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, 30 days and one year.
Rolling and calendar medians
The centered 2,001-point median is compared with complete monthly and yearly medians. This distinguishes changes tied to record density from changes that persist across calendar intervals.
Long-delay and precovery-dominated tail
This separate view contains every delay longer than one year. Such a delay often reflects an older observation later linked as a precovery, not an uninterrupted publication process lasting that long; the MPEC link and object remain available for individual verification.
Publication within 24, 48 and 72 hours by year
The three annual lines show the complete share of qualifying one-object discovery MPECs published within each fixed delay threshold. The vertical scale is fixed at 0-100 percent in 20-percentage-point intervals.
Publication-delay distributions by decade
Empirical cumulative distributions compare the complete 1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s records. A line farther left represents generally shorter delays. The horizontal axis is logarithmic and uses fixed meaningful duration marks.
Median delay by discovery station and year
Every station that supplied the earliest starred observation is included. Color intensity represents the logarithm of the complete station-year median; empty cells have no qualifying MPEC. Search narrows the displayed stations without changing the underlying data.
Monthly seasonality by year
The same complete month-year cells can show either median publication delay or qualifying MPEC count. Median color is logarithmic so the full long tail remains represented; count color uses a rounded linear maximum.
Annual volume and median publication delay
The aligned panels share one calendar axis. The upper panel shows qualifying MPEC volume and the lower panel shows the annual median delay. Separate rounded vertical scales avoid the misleading impression of a dual-axis chart.
Delay by discovery station
A qualifying MPEC is assigned to the station of its chronologically earliest starred observation. Every populated station is included; the search only changes the visible table rows.
| Station | MPECs | Median hours | 90th percentile | Within 72 hours |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 010 | 2 | 77.42 | 84.27 | 50.00% |
| 033 | 7 | 43.50 | 81.18 | 85.71% |
| 046 | 1 | 46.81 | 46.81 | 100.00% |
| 049 | 1 | 328.04 | 328.04 | 0.00% |
| 069 | 1 | 44.89 | 44.89 | 100.00% |
| 095 | 6 | 107.15 | 1,657.51 | 16.67% |
| 104 | 2 | 105.49 | 137.67 | 50.00% |
| 106 | 29 | 41.48 | 89.11 | 82.76% |
| 113 | 1 | 88.33 | 88.33 | 0.00% |
| 114 | 5 | 67.05 | 139.40 | 60.00% |
| 118 | 3 | 30.95 | 41.95 | 100.00% |
| 119 | 1 | 355.70 | 355.70 | 0.00% |
| 120 | 3 | 314.27 | 350.12 | 0.00% |
| 152 | 2 | 37.73 | 53.54 | 100.00% |
| 198 | 1 | 16.77 | 16.77 | 100.00% |
| 221 | 1 | 49.87 | 49.87 | 100.00% |
| 240 | 1 | 40.50 | 40.50 | 100.00% |
| 246 | 4 | 39.13 | 65.10 | 75.00% |
| 247 | 4 | 93.46 | 140.91 | 0.00% |
| 249 | 3 | 316.70 | 398.78 | 0.00% |
| 266 | 1 | 81,612.65 | 81,612.65 | 0.00% |
| 268 | 9 | 14,152.21 | 26,720.78 | 0.00% |
| 290 | 3 | 174.61 | 403.43 | 33.33% |
| 291 | 99 | 41.73 | 109.49 | 75.76% |
| 300 | 2 | 102.13 | 173.07 | 50.00% |
| 303 | 1 | 2,033.18 | 2,033.18 | 0.00% |
| 304 | 37 | 12,610.97 | 126,831.92 | 0.00% |
| 309 | 12 | 95.96 | 304.46 | 41.67% |
| 327 | 7 | 120.94 | 397.17 | 0.00% |
| 333 | 5 | 35.44 | 63.80 | 80.00% |
| 381 | 55 | 30.19 | 3,450.96 | 85.45% |
| 385 | 1 | 48.80 | 48.80 | 100.00% |
| 402 | 1 | 72.72 | 72.72 | 0.00% |
| 408 | 2 | 40.69 | 50.74 | 100.00% |
| 411 | 8 | 170.59 | 312.07 | 25.00% |
| 413 | 37 | 143.77 | 432.42 | 18.92% |
| 428 | 5 | 78.91 | 98.31 | 40.00% |
| 461 | 8 | 58.02 | 223.94 | 62.50% |
| 474 | 1 | 453,808.10 | 453,808.10 | 0.00% |
| 493 | 2 | 25.27 | 37.81 | 100.00% |
| 557 | 3 | 66.43 | 122.89 | 66.67% |
| 566 | 47 | 61.50 | 119.51 | 59.57% |
| 568 | 639 | 22,470.64 | 75,271.25 | 2.82% |
| 595 | 2 | 488.40 | 847.50 | 50.00% |
| 599 | 9 | 47.14 | 80.06 | 88.89% |
| 608 | 119 | 55.10 | 150.58 | 61.34% |
| 620 | 1 | 25.26 | 25.26 | 100.00% |
| 621 | 5 | 114.59 | 559.28 | 20.00% |
| 644 | 339 | 56.95 | 182.31 | 63.42% |
| 661 | 1 | 82.29 | 82.29 | 0.00% |
| 673 | 2 | 27.58 | 29.46 | 100.00% |
| 675 | 40 | 546.76 | 10,031.03 | 15.00% |
| 678 | 2 | 130.47 | 208.26 | 50.00% |
| 683 | 7 | 75.91 | 139.28 | 42.86% |
| 691 | 880 | 56.41 | 183.61 | 63.98% |
| 693 | 1 | 62.56 | 62.56 | 100.00% |
| 695 | 34 | 1,102.56 | 56,128.03 | 5.88% |
| 696 | 1 | 325.07 | 325.07 | 0.00% |
| 699 | 316 | 49.00 | 134.00 | 67.09% |
| 703 | 4,076 | 35.01 | 78.23 | 87.81% |
| 704 | 2,632 | 56.98 | 129.07 | 66.91% |
| 705 | 14 | 5,273.08 | 11,842.51 | 7.14% |
| 734 | 1 | 79.72 | 79.72 | 0.00% |
| 807 | 149 | 11,552.13 | 35,974.36 | 1.34% |
| 809 | 14 | 108.36 | 1,306.22 | 42.86% |
| 823 | 1 | 42.81 | 42.81 | 100.00% |
| 858 | 1 | 22.35 | 22.35 | 100.00% |
| 867 | 1 | 1,726.69 | 1,726.69 | 0.00% |
| 872 | 2 | 105.27 | 152.77 | 50.00% |
| 905 | 1 | 123.49 | 123.49 | 0.00% |
| 910 | 5 | 112.34 | 150.86 | 40.00% |
| 926 | 13 | 65.61 | 88.11 | 61.54% |
| 941 | 2 | 81.19 | 111.95 | 50.00% |
| 950 | 24 | 127.86 | 1,691.52 | 20.83% |
| A13 | 1 | 931.50 | 931.50 | 0.00% |
| A50 | 3 | 123.11 | 161.99 | 33.33% |
| A77 | 3 | 629.59 | 788.01 | 0.00% |
| B01 | 1 | 89.41 | 89.41 | 0.00% |
| B74 | 1 | 182.62 | 182.62 | 0.00% |
| C10 | 1 | 182.69 | 182.69 | 0.00% |
| C41 | 1 | 51.35 | 51.35 | 100.00% |
| C51 | 411 | 173.54 | 408.59 | 2.19% |
| C55 | 1 | 7,525.75 | 7,525.75 | 0.00% |
| C57 | 5 | 33,957.54 | 37,017.44 | 0.00% |
| C85 | 1 | 82.47 | 82.47 | 0.00% |
| C94 | 2 | 54.31 | 72.38 | 50.00% |
| C95 | 1 | 108.48 | 108.48 | 0.00% |
| D00 | 1 | 92.66 | 92.66 | 0.00% |
| D29 | 60 | 65.98 | 319.54 | 58.33% |
| D35 | 1 | 51.62 | 51.62 | 100.00% |
| E12 | 500 | 36.82 | 78.99 | 85.60% |
| E54 | 4 | 9.54 | 45.23 | 100.00% |
| F51 | 9,973 | 76.90 | 290.47 | 44.76% |
| F52 | 4,510 | 57.44 | 195.73 | 61.88% |
| F84 | 1 | 40.86 | 40.86 | 100.00% |
| G03 | 7 | 26.45 | 37.69 | 100.00% |
| G32 | 1 | 58.02 | 58.02 | 100.00% |
| G36 | 1 | 64.29 | 64.29 | 100.00% |
| G37 | 3 | 487.60 | 786.62 | 0.00% |
| G45 | 144 | 62.36 | 106.30 | 59.72% |
| G68 | 1 | 132.44 | 132.44 | 0.00% |
| G78 | 2 | 32.49 | 35.06 | 100.00% |
| G89 | 1 | 30.66 | 30.66 | 100.00% |
| G92 | 1 | 42.74 | 42.74 | 100.00% |
| G96 | 13,653 | 48.27 | 99.86 | 78.94% |
| H01 | 2 | 22.90 | 32.33 | 100.00% |
| H10 | 1 | 144.24 | 144.24 | 0.00% |
| H15 | 11 | 60.59 | 268.92 | 72.73% |
| H21 | 1 | 52.17 | 52.17 | 100.00% |
| H27 | 1 | 117.84 | 117.84 | 0.00% |
| H36 | 3 | 32.63 | 55.56 | 100.00% |
| H55 | 1 | 62.35 | 62.35 | 100.00% |
| I08 | 6 | 65.26 | 147.57 | 50.00% |
| I11 | 3 | 1,987.96 | 2,274.02 | 0.00% |
| I16 | 3 | 34.77 | 57.43 | 100.00% |
| I41 | 453 | 43.69 | 226.20 | 69.09% |
| I47 | 3 | 187.44 | 439.20 | 0.00% |
| I52 | 23 | 42.87 | 90.33 | 86.96% |
| I93 | 3 | 118.16 | 589.79 | 33.33% |
| J04 | 35 | 47.69 | 216.20 | 71.43% |
| J13 | 2 | 203.66 | 340.91 | 50.00% |
| J22 | 1 | 117.23 | 117.23 | 0.00% |
| J43 | 24 | 72.86 | 128.31 | 50.00% |
| J75 | 99 | 42.67 | 71.04 | 89.90% |
| J86 | 1 | 20,999.77 | 20,999.77 | 0.00% |
| K19 | 24 | 31.71 | 53.16 | 95.83% |
| K88 | 368 | 24.69 | 44.66 | 95.11% |
| K95 | 3 | 174.91 | 366.20 | 0.00% |
| L32 | 1 | 7,117.20 | 7,117.20 | 0.00% |
| L51 | 184 | 33.14 | 90.92 | 86.96% |
| L87 | 57 | 46.06 | 125.89 | 84.21% |
| L96 | 1 | 41.42 | 41.42 | 100.00% |
| M11 | 3 | 37.54 | 39.09 | 100.00% |
| M22 | 183 | 42.27 | 150.87 | 73.77% |
| M57 | 3 | 34.45 | 107.80 | 66.67% |
| N56 | 7 | 29.75 | 38.31 | 100.00% |
| N86 | 6 | 53.03 | 178.75 | 66.67% |
| N87 | 2 | 60.07 | 82.71 | 50.00% |
| N88 | 1 | 19.22 | 19.22 | 100.00% |
| N89 | 1 | 38.42 | 38.42 | 100.00% |
| N94 | 36 | 84.52 | 142.26 | 38.89% |
| O18 | 52 | 182.08 | 663.95 | 13.46% |
| O42 | 1 | 51.86 | 51.86 | 100.00% |
| O75 | 4 | 30.46 | 33.60 | 100.00% |
| P07 | 70 | 5,370.27 | 27,231.40 | 8.57% |
| Q57 | 2 | 636.06 | 1,074.52 | 0.00% |
| Q60 | 6 | 75.54 | 84.80 | 33.33% |
| Q62 | 6 | 54.22 | 188.73 | 66.67% |
| Q66 | 9 | 35.91 | 58.16 | 100.00% |
| R17 | 19 | 30.13 | 58.08 | 100.00% |
| R43 | 2 | 36.47 | 41.55 | 100.00% |
| S04 | 1 | 767.69 | 767.69 | 0.00% |
| T05 | 507 | 40.63 | 103.11 | 76.73% |
| T08 | 627 | 39.84 | 107.23 | 76.56% |
| T09 | 172 | 63,334.61 | 86,735.81 | 0.58% |
| T14 | 30 | 25,179.67 | 78,098.43 | 3.33% |
| T15 | 1 | 1,144.33 | 1,144.33 | 0.00% |
| U63 | 2 | 26.92 | 33.59 | 100.00% |
| U68 | 447 | 29.91 | 96.45 | 87.02% |
| U74 | 13 | 30.94 | 75.72 | 84.62% |
| V00 | 1,382 | 54.83 | 198.88 | 62.37% |
| V06 | 1 | 41.40 | 41.40 | 100.00% |
| V11 | 2 | 164.32 | 257.73 | 50.00% |
| V18 | 1 | 635.91 | 635.91 | 0.00% |
| W16 | 101 | 52.71 | 92.75 | 78.22% |
| W57 | 7 | 66.29 | 213.78 | 57.14% |
| W62 | 3 | 1,139.76 | 1,573.62 | 0.00% |
| W68 | 213 | 44.77 | 238.60 | 77.93% |
| W76 | 1 | 71.04 | 71.04 | 100.00% |
| W84 | 286 | 165.81 | 62,615.30 | 20.28% |
| W86 | 1 | 612.34 | 612.34 | 0.00% |
| W87 | 1 | 207.63 | 207.63 | 0.00% |
| W92 | 1 | 260.68 | 260.68 | 0.00% |
| W93 | 19 | 397.70 | 6,585.12 | 10.53% |
| W94 | 390 | 46.15 | 93.41 | 82.31% |
| W95 | 1 | 41.75 | 41.75 | 100.00% |
| X05 | 10 | 4,757.55 | 9,387.86 | 10.00% |
| X07 | 2 | 211.22 | 315.73 | 0.00% |
| X19 | 6 | 127.30 | 221.33 | 33.33% |
| X74 | 33 | 59.04 | 125.75 | 75.76% |
| Y00 | 47 | 58.09 | 112.90 | 61.70% |
| Y01 | 1 | 41.19 | 41.19 | 100.00% |
| Y05 | 5 | 54.67 | 125.50 | 60.00% |
| Y66 | 1 | 105.38 | 105.38 | 0.00% |
| Y89 | 4 | 44.43 | 55.59 | 100.00% |
| Z17 | 1 | 106.03 | 106.03 | 0.00% |
| Z80 | 1 | 64.69 | 64.69 | 100.00% |
| Z84 | 27 | 136.29 | 1,086.16 | 22.22% |
Discovery observation to WAMO submission
This tab isolates the interval from the earliest discovery observation
marked with * to the exact WAMO submission time for that
observation. Together with WAMO delay it partitions the
complete Discovery delay: observation to submission plus
submission to publication equals observation to publication. The same
matched one-object MPEC population is used so the three views remain
directly comparable.
The current chart contains 43,982 of 45,129 qualifying MPECs. 1,147 are not plotted because no exact WAMO submission timestamp was matched to the earliest starred observation. The median observation-to-submission interval is 1.91 hours; 96.29% are submitted within 72 hours and 96.91% within seven days. The long tail and non-positive records are retained for inspection in the Internal data-quality pages rather than silently removed.
Distribution by submission delay
Choose a natural fixed interval. Each view uses equal-duration bins and no more than 72 bars: hours for the first three days, six-hour intervals for one week, days for one month, weeks for one year, and years for the complete range.
Cumulative publication share
The empirical cumulative curve answers what share of qualifying MPECs had been published within each elapsed time. Reference lines mark 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, 30 days and one year.
Rolling and calendar medians
The centered 2,001-point median is compared with complete monthly and yearly medians. This distinguishes changes tied to record density from changes that persist across calendar intervals.
Long observation-to-submission tail
This separate view contains every delay longer than one year. Such a delay often reflects an older observation later linked as a precovery, not an uninterrupted publication process lasting that long; the MPEC link and object remain available for individual verification.
Publication within 24, 48 and 72 hours by year
The three annual lines show the complete share of qualifying one-object discovery MPECs published within each fixed delay threshold. The vertical scale is fixed at 0-100 percent in 20-percentage-point intervals.
Publication-delay distributions by decade
Empirical cumulative distributions compare the complete 1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s records. A line farther left represents generally shorter delays. The horizontal axis is logarithmic and uses fixed meaningful duration marks.
Median delay by discovery station and year
Every station that supplied the earliest starred observation is included. Color intensity represents the logarithm of the complete station-year median; empty cells have no qualifying MPEC. Search narrows the displayed stations without changing the underlying data.
Monthly seasonality by year
The same complete month-year cells can show either median publication delay or qualifying MPEC count. Median color is logarithmic so the full long tail remains represented; count color uses a rounded linear maximum.
Annual volume and median publication delay
The aligned panels share one calendar axis. The upper panel shows qualifying MPEC volume and the lower panel shows the annual median delay. Separate rounded vertical scales avoid the misleading impression of a dual-axis chart.
Delay by discovery station
A qualifying MPEC is assigned to the station of its chronologically earliest starred observation. Every populated station is included; the search only changes the visible table rows.
| Station | MPECs | Median hours | 90th percentile | Within 72 hours |
|---|
WAMO submission to MPEC publication
This tab uses the same one-object MPEC population and the same official UTC publication timestamps as Discovery delay, but the starting time is the earliest exact WAMO submission timestamp reported for that MPEC's earliest starred observation. It therefore measures the interval after the observation reached the MPC. It excludes the earlier observation-to-submission interval and will normally be shorter. The populations can differ because WAMO does not return a submission time for every historical observation.
The current chart contains 43,982 of 45,129 qualifying MPECs. 1,147 are not plotted because WAMO supplies no exact submission timestamp for the earliest starred observation, or because that source line is unavailable or invalid. 203 non-positive values remain visible on the linear scale and are omitted from the logarithmic scale. The median WAMO delay is 48.46 hours; 72.06% are published within 72 hours, 91.98% within seven days, and 97.96% within 30 days. The 99th percentile is 3,653.41 hours and the largest delay is 202,626.84 hours. The orange line is the centered 2,001-point rolling median and is absent at both 1,000-point edges.
Distribution by publication delay
Choose a natural fixed interval. Each view uses equal-duration bins and no more than 72 bars: hours for the first three days, six-hour intervals for one week, days for one month, weeks for one year, and years for the complete range.
Cumulative publication share
The empirical cumulative curve answers what share of qualifying MPECs had been published within each elapsed time. Reference lines mark 24, 48, 72 and 168 hours, 30 days and one year.
Rolling and calendar medians
The centered 2,001-point median is compared with complete monthly and yearly medians. This distinguishes changes tied to record density from changes that persist across calendar intervals.
Long WAMO-processing tail
This separate view contains every delay longer than one year. This separate view contains every WAMO-to-publication delay longer than one year. These unusual records may indicate a late association, a historical WAMO anomaly, or a timestamp inconsistency; the linked MPEC remains available for individual verification.
Publication within 24, 48 and 72 hours by year
The three annual lines show the complete share of qualifying one-object discovery MPECs published within each fixed delay threshold. The vertical scale is fixed at 0-100 percent in 20-percentage-point intervals.
Publication-delay distributions by decade
Empirical cumulative distributions compare the complete 1990s, 2000s, 2010s and 2020s records. A line farther left represents generally shorter delays. The horizontal axis is logarithmic and uses fixed meaningful duration marks.
Median delay by discovery station and year
Every station that supplied the earliest starred observation is included. Color intensity represents the logarithm of the complete station-year median; empty cells have no qualifying MPEC. Search narrows the displayed stations without changing the underlying data.
Monthly seasonality by year
The same complete month-year cells can show either median publication delay or qualifying MPEC count. Median color is logarithmic so the full long tail remains represented; count color uses a rounded linear maximum.
Annual volume and median publication delay
The aligned panels share one calendar axis. The upper panel shows qualifying MPEC volume and the lower panel shows the annual median delay. Separate rounded vertical scales avoid the misleading impression of a dual-axis chart.
Delay by discovery station
A qualifying MPEC is assigned to the station of its chronologically earliest starred observation. Every populated station is included; the search only changes the visible table rows.
| Station | MPECs | Median hours | 90th percentile | Within 72 hours |
|---|
MPEC publication time by date
This scatter chart places the official UTC publication date on the horizontal axis and the UTC publication time of day on the vertical axis. MPECs containing exactly one distinct object share one color. Every other MPEC uses the same category assignment as the complete MPEC directory. Category buttons are additive: select any combination, or use All and None.
The current chart contains 72,685 of 72,686 MPECs from the category directory. Publication is concentrated in recurring UTC time windows rather than being uniform through the day. The busiest hours are 14:00 (9.27%), 12:00 (7.55%), 15:00 (6.58%); the quietest are 09:00 (0.88%), 08:00 (1.00%). Daily Orbit Updates are especially concentrated at 12:00 (38.1%), 06:00 (33.4%), 07:00 (20.2%). This supports regular publication batches, but the chart alone does not prove the operational cause.
Distribution by UTC publication hour
The histogram groups publication times into 24 one-hour bins. Its stacked category colors and totals follow the additive category selection above.
Publication weekday and UTC hour
The heatmap shows complete counts for each weekday/hour cell and follows the same additive category buttons. Darker cells mean more publications; hover reveals the exact count.
People
All 10,231 canonical people are represented. Histograms can switch the vertical count of people between linear and logarithmic display.
MPECs per person
Distinct MPEC relationships across observer and measurer roles.
Stations per person
Distinct stations associated with each canonical person.
Observer and measurer MPECs
One point per person; log1p axes retain people with a zero count in one role.
Station codes
All 1,938 database station codes are represented, including rows with zero current observations or no parsed instrument.
MPECs per station code
Distribution of distinct MPEC counts for complete station codes.
Observations per station code
Distribution of distinct current observation counts.
MPECs and observations
Each linked point is a station code; axes use labelled log1p spacing.
Instruments and people per station
People is the exact distinct union of observer and measurer names; hover also shows both role counts separately.
Instruments, apertures and focal lengths
All 1,384 canonical instrument designations are retained. Positive aperture is available for 1,328; an f/ ratio for 1,229; and a calculated focal length (aperture multiplied by f/ ratio) for 1,216. Missing or non-positive values remain counted in explicit unavailable bins.
Instrument apertures
Distinct canonical instruments grouped by aperture in metres.
Calculated focal lengths
Calculated physical focal length in metres from aperture and reported f/ ratio. The requested chart scale ends at 100 m.
Aperture and focal ratio
Positive parseable values only; hover gives the complete canonical designation.
Aperture and calculated focal length
Physical focal length equals aperture multiplied by focal ratio; both axes are logarithmic.
MPEC numbers per year
Discovery MPECs per year
Observations per year